摘要 | 圖說_開山道路北路開山道路北路主要路線清代臺灣的道路,主要路線是連接西部各府城、縣城的「南北大路」,就是今日省道台一線的前身,但也不過是一條牛車道,而且沿路經過溪流多沒有橋樑,遇到大雨就道路中斷。平地的路線尚且如此,而縱貫臺灣的山脈如此險峻,因此通往後山的道路更是前所未有。直到「開山撫番」的政策一起,重要措施之一就是廢除1722以來所實施的「封山政策」,並藉開鑿東西聯絡道路,以突破長久以來臺灣東部的孤立狀態。根據施添福的整理,自1874到清末,清政府從臺灣西部的南、北、中等三方面,先後總共開闢十三條東西越嶺道路,但其中有五條因故未能開通。其目的不外乎在短期內能剿撫番民、移民實邊。開山道路的北路,主要路線是蘇澳到崎萊花蓮港一路,也就是今日蘇花公路的前身,往南延伸還可至水尾(今瑞穗)、卑南(臺東)。解說圖只做蘇澳到崎萊花蓮港部分,里程數係根據《臺灣輿圖》的說略。開山北路初由臺灣道夏獻綸主持(也就是《臺灣輿圖》的編修者),以蘇澳為起點,招募勇營擔當開路工程,後由羅大春繼之。整個部隊總稱「綏靖軍」。在《臺灣輿圖》上,綏靖軍的大營已經駐在卑南了。開山北路沿途經過險峻的清水斷崖,由於突然侵入原住民的地域,引起許多反抗。為了保衛沿線的安全,沿路建有三、四十座碉堡(在《臺灣輿圖》標出的有14個),並駐紮三千餘名哨兵。但是自建築期間,到開通以後,原住民常常襲擊碉堡,從未因官員的招撫而間斷。 CrossMountainRoadsofNorthernTaiwanThemostimportantrouteduringtheChingerawastheWayfromSouthtoNorth,whichconnectedthecapitalsofthewesterncountiesandwasthepredecessorofwhatisnowcalledProvincialHighwayNo.1.Itwasneverthelessamuddywayforbuffalocartsandwithoutaproperbridgeoverriversitcameacross.Thustheroutewouldmostcertainlyblockedfromhereortherewhenevertherewasadownpour.Itwasoutofthequestionthattherewasnorouteintothemountainsnoranyintothe“rearmountains”—theeasternshore.Itneverchangedtillthe“DevelopingMountainsandPacifyingtheBarbarians”doctrinesemerged,inwhichthemainpurposeswastoabolishtheBlockingMountainPolicyimplementedsince1722andtobreakthelongisolationofeasternTaiwan.ScholarShihTien-Fuhadconcludedthatfrom1874totheendofChingrule,therewereatotalofthirteencrossmountainroads(thoughfiveofthemneverrealized)fromwesternTaiwanintotheeasternsideoftheisland.Thepurposeoftheseroadswereundoubtedlyto“fightandpacify”theaboriginesandtoboosttheimmigrationtotheeasternshore. ThenorthernpartofthesecrossmountainroadsconsistedmainlyoftheSu-AotoCi-LaiHuaLienport,whichistheSu-HuaProvincialHighwaynowadays.ThatroutecouldextendfurthersouthtoSueiWei(水尾)andBei-Nan.ThismapcoversonlytheSu-AotoCi-Laipart,andthemileageisattachedaccordingtotheoriginaldescriptionon“TaiwanYuTu”.ThisroadwasinitiallyconstructedunderthesupervisionofmagistrateofTaiwanDao(台灣道,ahierarchicalorderinbetweenprovinceandFu),SiaSienLun(夏獻綸),whowasalsothechiefeditorof“TaiwanYuTu”.StartingfromSu-Ao,herecruitedYongCampsoldiersfortheconstructionworkandtheconstructionwascontinuedbyhissuccessorLuoDaChun(羅大春).TheworkingforcewouldbecalledSueiJingJun(綏靖軍,anarmytofightandpacify),thecampofwhichwasmarkedasinBei-Nanin“TaiwanYuTu”. TheroutewentthroughtheabruptslopeofCing-Sueicliff(清水斷崖)andcuttedintotheaborigines’lands,theconstructionforcethusencounteredmanyturmoils.Thereweremorethanthirtystrongholdsbuilt(amongwhichfourteenwerechartedontheYuTu)andmorethanthreethousandsoldierswerestationedalongtheroute.Buttherewasnevershortofaborigineambushesfromthebeginningtilltheendofconstructionregardlessofhowhardtheofficerstriedto“pacify”them. |